Joint Stock Company Kaspi.kz - American Depository Shares (KSPI)

Comment l'entreprise gagne de l'argent

Kaspi earns a small fee or spread on each transaction across its three platforms: a merchant fee on payments, a commission and advertising revenue on marketplace sales, and interest income on consumer loans plus fees on deposits. Because all three run on the same app and customer base, acquiring a user once lets Kaspi sell them several products at low incremental cost. Growth now depends on how much Kazakh consumers borrow and spend, and on whether the Hepsiburada and Turkish banking deals reproduce that same economics abroad.

Chiffre d'affaires par segment

Nearly every adult in Kazakhstan already uses Kaspi to pay, shop or borrow, and merchants join the marketplace because that is where the customers already are. Each side of the network reinforces the other, and a rival would need to build both a critical mass of shoppers and of merchants at the same time to compete, which is far harder than matching any single feature.

Payments and marketplace usage track everyday household spending, which holds up reasonably well through the cycle, but the fintech arm lends money and its results move with Kazakh interest rates, wages and how comfortable people feel taking on debt. A slowdown in the domestic economy would show up first in loan demand and credit losses rather than in payment volumes.

Principaux risques

• Concentration in Kazakhstan — Until the Türkiye expansion, essentially all revenue came from one country, so Kazakh regulation, taxation and macroeconomic conditions move the entire business at once.
• Bank taxes and rate environment — The company has flagged higher Kazakh bank taxes, increased reserve requirements and a high interest-rate environment as headwinds that compress profitability in its lending business.
• Türkiye integration risk — The Hepsiburada acquisition and roughly $300 million planned investment in a Turkish banking unit are a large, unproven bet on repeating the Kazakh model in a bigger, more competitive market.
• Regulatory and political risk — As a systemically important payments and banking group, Kaspi is exposed to sudden regulatory changes and to the broader political and macroeconomic uncertainty of operating across Kazakhstan and Türkiye.